Cold crushing strength (CCS) is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed pushing forces. Cubic test specimens of 50 mm size were prepared and the value of maximum uniaxial load (in N) was noted when the sample block failed completely. Finally CCS value was calculated using the method stated in ASTM C133-97 [20].
Medium-, low-, and extra-low-carbon ferrochromes (generally referred to as refining ferrochrome) are usually smelted by electro-silicothermic reduction method with raw materials …
Regarding the physical methods, mechanical crushing, air blast and centrifugal granulating process, etc. are widely investigated. With respect to chemical methods, methane reforming reaction and ...
Ferrochrome slag (FCS) ... Its crushing, impact, and abrasion values were reported as 17.9–25.1%, 11.0–23.2%, and 13.9–23.0%, ... Al Tamman Indsil Ferrochrome LLC utilizes the air cooling method to cool the FCS liquid generated during the production of the FC alloy. The supplied FCS aggregates were produced by crushing the cooled FCS to ...
Cold crushing strengths of best performing ferrochrome slag containing specimens were higher than 90 MPa and compressive strength values measured at 1200 °C were over 9 MPa.
Ferrochrome slag is waste resulted from the manufacture process of ligature melting. It is a porous material of dark grey-green colour with 2530 kg/m ³ density and the open pores size from 1mm to ...
In this review, the various processes currently used by the South African FeCr industry are summarized in detail, and the waste materials per process step are identified. The limitations of...
Ferrochrome (FeCr) is the main source of chromium (Cr) units used in modern-day chromium (Cr) containing alloys. The vast majority of produced Cr is used during the production of stainless ...
Murthy et al. (2011) stated that the most generally used processes are primary and secondary crushing, screening, milling, dense media separation, and gravity separation . The …
tained by crushing and fractioning of slag possess gradation factor 2.9 and it refers it coarse sand group of class II. Concrete mixes have been investigated by using granite aggregates and ferrochrome ones. It is determined that mixes containing ferrochrome aggregate are stiffer than the traditional ones.
Another method is to granulate the slag by allowing the slag to flow through a set of water jets. In the first method the slag solidifies in large lumps and requires crushing if further processing is required. In the second method the slag solidifies into small, stringy particles, which can readily be pumped and dewatered.
SIZE REDUCTION BY CRUSHING METHODS. March 2017; DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2 ... The objective of this report is to provide the details of size reduction methods involved in mineral processing using ...
The crushing strength of FeCr used in the study is found to be 20.06%. Incidentally, the results of Panda et al., who reported crushing strength in the range from 17.6% to 25.1%, well corroborate with the present values. It is interesting to note that the values of crushing strength are quite lesser than permissible limits stipulated for ...
When demand is high, the plant is a low-cost means to boost production. Simple physical (gravity) separation methods like jigging and tabling are in vogue for the recovery of metal. Virtually all charge chrome plants now use the crushing/jigging process to recover chrome alloy from both stockpiled and currently produced slag.
Methods are analyzed for stabilizing self-disintegrating slags in melting low-carbon ferrochrome, and the main reasons for breakdown are considered. Four methods are shown for stabilizing oxide melts of which a promising method for preventing breakdown under contemporary production conditions for chromium ferroalloys by mixing melts is a reduction in the content of …
magnetic separation. The first stage of slag processing is crushing and sc reening the feed material to fractions of 0-4 and 4-22 mm. Coarser fractio ns are handled by a heavy media …
At present, there are two main smelting methods of low carbon ferrochrome, one is high carbon ferrochrome refining method, ... generally using Si-Cr alloy powder under the screen after crushing.
A method and system for recovering a high yield of low carbon ferrochrome from chromite and low carbon ferrochrome produced by the method. A stoichiometric mixture of feed materials including scrap aluminum granules, lime, silica sand, and chromite ore are provided into a plasma arc furnace. The scrap aluminum granules are produced from used aluminum …
A method for manufacturing a low carbon ferrochrome with a high chromium content of at least 70 weight % Cr comprising the steps of at least once nitriding and crushing a low carbon ferrochrome to form a crushed ferrochrome nitride and subjecting the crushed ferrochrome nitride to an acid treatment comprising introducing the crushed ferrochrome nitride into an acid solution and …
Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is a common by-product generated during the sintering process of chromite in a submerged arc furnace, where temperatures can reach as high as 1700 ℃. The residual slag, separated from the alloy, is typically disposed of using stacking or landfill methods as solid waste[1], [2], [3].
This method can be used to obtain ferrochrome with a carbon content of 0.005–0.006% and, if necessary, with 6–9% nitrogen. In 1960, two vacuum furnaces with a charge of 5 tons each were put into operation in the pilot workshop of the Aktobe ... crushing HCF ingots, about 20% of fine fractions and 0.3% of dust from the aspiration system are ...
Ferrochrome is an essential component in the production of stainless steel, with its different types offering varying qualities and applications. The three primary grades of ferrochrome traded in the market are High Carbon (HC), Low Carbon (LC), and Medium Carbon (MC) ferrochrome, each catering to specific requirements in manufacturing and metallurgical …
A method of agglomeration of ferroalloy fines such as ferromanganese, ferrochrome and ferrosilicon fines comprising the steps of: Providing ferroalloy fines below 10mm size; Sieving <3mm size fraction and crushing 3-10mm to produce <3mm fines; mixing the resulted fines with a phenol formaldehyde resol resin binder in a vessel; compacting the mixed …
Cold crushing strengths of best performing ferrochrome slag containing specimens were higher than 90 MPa and compressive strength values measured at 1200 °C were over 9 MPa. Thermal insulation properties were even better than those of commercial refractory reference, showing thermal conductivity values as low as λRT−1000 °C = 1.3 − 0.9 W ...
Ferrochrome ash (FCA), which is a waste collected at the baghouse filters of the ferrochrome production process, is generated at a rate of 0.02-0.03 tons per ton of ferrochrome production, and is ...
Ferrochrome is a ferroalloy in the metallurgy, playing a key role in the production of stainless steel. This alloy, consisting primarily of iron and chromium(50-705), is renowned for its corrosion resistance and durability, making it an indispensable component in various industrial applications ... The beneficiation process can include crushing ...
High carbon ferrochrome slags and clay were used to prepare lightweight aggregate (LWA). When burning temperature rose to 1200 °C, the aggregate could get a well expansion.
High Carbon Ferrochrome Technology. Johan Basson, Jorma Daavittila, in Handbook of Ferroalloys, 2013. 9.1.1 High Carbon Ferrochrome and Its Production Base. High carbon ferrochrome represents a group of alloys with a chromium content typically between 60% and 70% and a carbon content typically between 4% and 6%. To meet this specification the alloy …
The present research aims to analyze the comminution behavior of ferrochrome slag using high-pressure grinding rolls. The laboratory bench scale high-pressure grinding rolls were used to study the three significant variables on the grinding efficiency of ferrochrome slag. The Central Composite Design was used to study the process variables, such as roll gap, …
magnetic and gravimetric methods [1]. 2 Literature review 2.1 Ferrochrome and slag production Ferrochrome production is done by a direct carbothermic reduction of chromite on three phase submerged arc furnaces. Ferrochrome and slag are the main two products tapped off at regular intervals from tap holes at the bottom of the furnace.
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